EDUCATION: SELECTED PUBLICATIONS BY RESEARCH AREA: Sustainable production of bioenergy from managed forests: Books: Richardson, J., Björheden, R., Hakkila, P., Lowe, A.T. and Smith, C.T. (eds.). 2002. Bioenergy from Sustainable Forestry: Guiding Principles and Practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 344 pp. Web-based educational materials: Smith, C.T. and M. Rauscher. 2008. (editors). The Encyclopedia of Southern Bioenergy. Forest Encyclopedia Network. http://www.forestryencyclopedia.net/p/p2 Mayfield, C. and C.T. Smith. 2006. Environmental sustainability and sustainable forest management. Forest Encyclopedia Network. http://www.forestryencyclopedia.net/p/p2/p1137 Editor/compiler of workshop proceedings: Richardson, J. Björheden, R., Nicholas, I., Popescu, O., Smith, C.T., Stokes, B. and Verwijst, T. (guest eds.) 2007. “Multiple benefits from sustainable bioenergy systems”. Proceedings of a joint workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 30 and Task 31, August 2005, Perth , Western Australia. Biomass and Bioenergy 31 (9): 599-664. IEA Bioenergy T31:2007:01. Richardson, J. Björheden, R., Lowe, A., Popescu, O. and Smith, C.T. (guest eds.) 2006. “Sustainable Production Systems for Bioenergy: Forest Energy in Practice”. Proceedings of the 4th annual workshop of IEA Bioenergy Task 31, Garpenberg, Sweden and Gran, Norway, September 2004. Biomass and Bioenergy 30 (12): 999-1081. IEA Bioenergy T31:2006:01. Richardson, J., Björheden, R., Popescu, O. and Smith, C.T. (guest eds.). 2006. “Sustainable Production Systems for Bioenergy: Impacts on Forest Resources and Utilization of Wood for Energy”. Proceedings of the IEA Bioenergy Task 31 workshop, Flagstaff, Arizona, 5-15 October 2003. Biomass and Bioenergy 30 (4): 279-384. IEA Bioenergy T31:2005:01. Richardson, J. Björheden, R., Ledin, S., Lowe, A., Nicolas, I., Smith, C.T., Stokes, B. and Verwijst, T. (guest eds.) 2005. Sustainable bioenergy production systems: environmental, operational and social implications. Proceedings of the joint IEA Bioenergy Task 30 and Task 31 workshop, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 28 October – 1 November 2002. Biomass and Bioenergy 28 (2). IEA Bioenergy T31:2003:01. Richardson, J., Smith, T., Björheden, R., Lowe, A. (guest eds.). 2003. “Principles and practice of forestry and bioenergy in densely-populated regions”. Proceedings of the IEA Bioenergy Task 31 workshop, Garderen, The Netherlands, 16-21 September 2001. Biomass and Bioenergy 24 (4-5). Richardson, J., Björheden, R., Hakkila, P., Lowe, A.T. and Smith, C.T. (Comp.) 2001: “Bioenergy from Sustainable Forestry: Principles and Practice”. Proceedings of IEA Bioenergy Task 18 Workshop, 16-20 October 2000, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Bulletin No. 223. Richardson, J., A. Lowe, P. Hakkila and C.T. Smith. (guest eds.) 2000. Conventional Systems for Bioenergy. Papers presented at the IEA Bioenergy Task 18 Workshop in Charleston, South Carolina, 19-25 September 1999. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 30 (1/2). Lowe, A.T. and C.T. Smith (comps.). 1999. Developing Systems for Integrating Bioenergy into Environmentally Sustainable Forestry. Proceedings of the International Energy Agency Bioenergy Agreement Task 18 “Conventional Forestry Systems for Bioenergy” incorporating a joint workshop session with Task 25 “Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems” on Carbon Sequestration in Conventional Forestry (Biomass) Systems. 7-11 September 1998, Nokia, Finland. Forest Research Bulletin No. 211. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua. 128 p. Proe, M., C.T. Smith and A.T. Lowe (guest eds.). 1999. Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management. Papers presented at the IEA Bioenergy Task XII workshop, Eddleston, Scotland, 20-25 September 1997. Forest Ecology and Management 122 (1/2). Nielsen, K.H. and C.T. Smith (guest eds.). 1998. Environmental Issues for Short Rotation Bioenergy Production. IEA Bioenergy Task XII Activity 2.1 & 4.2 workshop held in Vejle, Denmark, 29 June - 3 July 1996. Biomass and Bioenergy 15 (1). Lowe, A.T. and Smith, C.T. (guest eds.). Environmental Guidelines for Developing Sustainable Energy Output from Biomass. Proceedings: IEA Bioenergy Task XII Activity 4.2 workshop held in Ontario, Canada and Michigan, USA, 17-23 September 1995. Biomass and Bioenergy 13 (4/5). 1997. Smith, C.T., P.N. Beets, W.J. Dyck, and L.A. Morris (guest eds.). 1994. Understanding Plant Nutrient Uptake and Supply -- Opportunities for Managing Site Productivity. Papers presented at the IEA/BA Task IX Activity 4 workshop held in Omapere, Northland, New Zealand, 6-12 March 1994. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 24 (2/3). Smith, C.T. and W.J. Dyck (guest eds.). 1993. Impacts of Harvesting and Site Preparation on Carbon Cycling Processes in Forests. Papers presented at the IEA/BA Task IX Activity 4 Workshop held in Inverness, Scotland, 24-30 May 1992. IEA/BA Task IX Activity 4 Report 2. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 23 (3). Smith, C.T. (ed.). 1990. Forestry Abstracts: Proceedings of the Technical Poster Session of the New England Society of American Foresters 70th Annual Winter Meeting. 7‑9 March 1990. Manchester, NH. 25 p. Martin, C. Wayne: Smith, C. Tattersall; Tritton, Louise M., eds. 1989. New perspectives on silvicultural management of northern hardwoods. Proceedings of the 1988 symposium on the conflicting consequences of practicing northern hardwood silviculture; 1988 June 9‑10; Durham, NH; Gen. Tech. Rep. NE‑124 and SAF 89‑04. Broomall, PA: USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern For. Expt. Stn. 107 p. Smith, C. Tattersall; Martin, C. Wayne; Tritton, Louise M., eds. Proceedings of the 1986 Symposium on the Productivity of Northern Forests Following Biomass harvesting. NE‑GTR‑115. Broomall, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agric, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1986. 104 p. Refereed journal articles: Jianbang Gan, H. Michael Rauscher, C.T. Smith, Sarah Ashton, Larry Biles, Daniel Cassidy, Darwin Foster, Matthew R. Howell, William G. Hubbard, Ben Jackson, Chyrel Mayfield, Donald J. Mead, Semida Silveira, and Eric Taylor. 2008. The Southern US Forest Bioenergy Encyclopedia: Making Scientific Knowledge More Accessible. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32 (1): 28-32. Mayfield, C.A., C. D. Foster, C.T. Smith, J. Gan and S. Fox. 2007. Opportunities, Barriers, and Strategies for Forest Bioenergy and Bio-Based Product Development in the Southern United States. Biomass and Bioenergy 31: 631-637. Gan, J. and C.T. Smith. 2007. Co-benefits of utilizing logging residues for bioenergy production: the case for East Texas, USA. Biomass & Bioenergy 31: 623-630. Gan, J. and C.T. Smith. 2006. Availability of logging residues and potential for electricity production and carbon displacement in the USA. Biomass & Bioenergy 30(12): 1011-1020. Gan, J. and C.T. Smith. 2006. A comparative analysis of woody biomass and coal for electricity generation under various CO2 emissions reductions and taxes. Biomass & Bioenergy 30 (4): 296-303. Effects of intensive management on nutrient cycling in spruce-fir forests of New England: Briggs, R.D., J. W. Hornbeck, C.T. Smith, R.C. Lemin, Jr., and M.L. McCormack, Jr. 2000. Long-term effects of forest management on nutrient cycling in spruce-fir forests. Forest Ecology and Management 138: 285-299. Federer, C.A., D.E. Turcotte, and C.T. Smith. 1993. The organic fraction - bulk density relationship and the expression of nutrient content in forest soils. Can J. For. Res. 23: 1026-1032. Turcotte, D.E., C.T. Smith, and C.A. Federer. 1991. Soil disturbance following whole‑tree harvesting in north‑central Maine. No. J. Appl. For. 8(2):66-72. Hornbeck, J.W., C.T. Smith, Q.W. Martin, L.M. Tritton, and R.S. Pierce. 1990. Effects of intensive harvesting on nutrient capitals of three forest types in New England. For. Ecol. and Management 30: 55‑64. Federer, C.A., J.W. Hornbeck, L.M. Tritton, C.W. Martin, R.S. Pierce, and C.T. Smith. 1989. Long‑term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern U.S. forests. Environ. Mgmt. 13(5):593‑601. Smith, C.T., Jr., M.L. McCormack, Jr., J.W. Hornbeck and C.W. Martin. 1986. Nutrient and biomass removals from a red spruce ‑ balsam fir whole‑tree harvest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16:381‑388. Hornbeck, J.W., C.W. Martin and C.T. Smith. Protecting forest streams during whole‑tree harvesting. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3:97‑100, Sept. 1986. Mann, L.K., D.W. Johnson, D.C. West, D.W. Cole, J.W. Hornbeck, C.W. Martin, H. Reikerk, C.T. Smith, W.T. Swank, L.M. Tritton, and D.H. Van Lear. 1988. Effects of whole‑tree and stem‑only clearcutting on postharvest hydrologic losses, nutrient capital, and regrowth. For. Sci. 34 (2): 412‑428. Effects of intensive management on site productivity of radiata pine in New Zealand: Smith, C.T., A.T. Lowe, M.F. Skinner, P.N. Beets, S.H. Schoenholtz and S. Fang. 2001. Response of radiata pine forests to residue management and fertilisation across a fertility gradient in New Zealand. pp. 203-223. In: Boyle, J.R. and R.F. Powers (eds.). 2001. Forest Soils and Ecosystem Sustainability. Selected and edited papers from the Ninth North American Forest Soils Conference held at Tahoe City, California, USA, 9-14 August 1998. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 462 pp. South, David B., Curtis L. Vanderschaaf and C.T. Smith. 2003. Number of trees per experimental unit is important when comparing transplant stress index values. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 33(1): 126-132. Pinus radiata: evidence that NaCl addition counteracts the impact of low Mg supply. Trees DOI 10.1007/s004680100111. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680100111 ). South, D.B. and C.T. Smith. 2000. Harvest treatments and fertiliser application affect transplant stress index of Pinus radiata. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 30(3): 308-314. Smith, C.T., A.T. Lowe, M.F. Skinner, P.N. Beets, S.H. Schoenholtz and Shengzuo Fang. 2000. Response of radiata pine forests to residue management and fertilisation across a fertility gradient in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management 138: 203-223. Ross, D.J., G.P. Sparling, C.M. Burke, and C.T. Smith. 1995. Microbial biomass C and N, and mineralizable-N, in litter and mineral soil under Pinus radiata on a coastal sand: Influence of stand age and harvest management. Plant & Soil 175: 167-177. Smith, C.T., A.T. Lowe, P.N. Beets, and W.J. Dyck. 1994. Nutrient accumulation in second-rotation Pinus radiata after harvest residue management and fertiliser treatment of coastal sand dunes. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 24 (2/3): 362-389. Smith, C.T. 1994. Is plantation forestry good or bad for soils? New Zealand Forestry 39(2): 19-22. Smith, C.T., W.J. Dyck, P.N. Beets, P.D. Hodgkiss, and A.T. Lowe. 1994. Nutrition and productivity of Pinus radiata following harvest disturbance and fertilization of coastal sand dunes. For. Ecol. and Manage. 66: 5-38. Development of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management: Smith, C.T., A.D. Gordon, T.W. Payn., B. Richardson, S.H. Schoenholtz, M.F. Skinner, P. Snowdon and G.G. West. 2001. Indicators for sustained productive capacity of New Zealand and Australian plantation forests. pp. 183 – 197. In: Raison, R.J., Brown, A.G. and Flinn, D.W. (eds.). Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management. IUFRO Research Series, No. 7. CABI Publishing, CABI International, Wallingford, UK. 462 pp. Smith, C.T. and R.J. Raison. 1998. Utility of Montreal Process Indicators for soil conservation in native forests and plantations in Australia and New Zealand. Chapter 7. pp. 121-135. In: Adams, M.B., K. Ramakrishna and E.A. Davidson (eds.). 1998. The Contribution of Soil Science to the Development of and Implementation of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management. SSSA Special Publication no. 53. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. Van Miegroet, H.; Zabowski, D.; Smith, C.T.; and Lundkvist, H. 1994: Review of measurement techniques in site productivity studies. pp. 287-362. In: Dyck, W.J.; Cole, D.W.; Comerford, N.B. (eds.) 1994: Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Long-term Site Productivity. Chapman & Hall, London. 304 p. Estimation of carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems: Scott, N.A., K.R. Tate, D.J. Giltrap, C.T. Smith, H.R. Wilde, P.J.F. Newsom and M.R. Davis. 2001. Monitoring land-use change effects on soil carbon in New Zealand: quantifying baseline soil carbon stocks. Environmental Pollution 116: S167-S186. Scott, N.A., K.R. Tate, J. Ford-Robertson, D.J. Giltrap and C.T. Smith. 1999. Soil carbon storage in plantation forests and pastures: land-use change implications. Tellus 51B: 326-335. Land utilization of residues, including effluent, wood ash, and biosolids: Smith, C. T.; Carnus, J-M.; Wang, H., Gielen, G., Stuthridge, T.; Tomer, M.D. 2003. Chapter 2.7. Land application of chemi-thermo mechanical pulp and paper mill effluent in New Zealand: from research to practice. pp. 177-187. In: Stuthridge, T., van den Heuvel, M., Marvin, N., Slade, A., Gifford, J. (eds.). Environmental impacts of pulp and paper waste streams. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents, Rotorua, New Zealand, 9-13 November 1997. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, USA. Barton, L., Schipper, L. A., Smith, C. T. and McLay, C. D. A. 2000. Denitrification enzyme activity is limited by soil aeration in a wastewater-irrigated forest soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 32: 385-389. Barton, L., McLay, C. D. A., Schipper, L. A. and Smith, C. T. 1999. Annual denitrification rates in agricultural and forest soils: a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 37: 1073-93. Barton, L., McLay, C.D.A., Schipper, L.A. and Smith, C.T. 1999. Denitrification rates in a wastewater-irrigated forest soil in New Zealand. J. Environmental Quality 28(6): 2008-2014. Hallett, R.A., Bowden, W.B., Smith, C.T. 1999. Nitrogen dynamics in forest soils after municipal sludge additions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 112(3-4): 259-278. Catricala, C.E., W.B. Bowden, C.T. Smith, and W.H. McDowell. 1996. Chemical characteristics of leachate from pulp and paper mill residuals used to reclaim a sandy soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 89: 167-187. Medalie, L., W.B. Bowden, and C.T. Smith. 1994. Nutrient leaching following land application of aerobically digested municipal sewage sludge in a northern hardwood forest. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 130-138.
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